Xihloko lexi xi kamberiwile hi ku landza maendlelo na tipholisi ta vuhleri ​​bya Science X. Vahleri ​​va kandziyisile timfanelo leti landzelaka loko va ri karhi va tiyisisa vutshembeki bya leswi nga endzeni:
Carbon dioxide (CO2) i xitirhisiwa xa nkoka eka vutomi eMisaveni xikan’we na gasi ya greenhouse leyi hoxaka xandla eka ku hisa ka misava. Namuntlha, vativi va sayense va dyondza hi khaboni-dayokisayidi tanihi xitirhisiwa lexi tshembisaka xo endla mafurha lama pfuxetiwaka, lama nga riki na khaboni ya le hansi ni swilo leswi endliweke hi tikhemikhali ta nkoka swinene.
Ntlhontlho eka valavisisi i ku kuma tindlela leti tirhaka kahle na leti nga durhiki to hundzula khaboni dayokisayidi ku va swilo swa le xikarhi swa khaboni swa xiyimo xa le henhla swo fana na khaboni monokisayidi, methanol kumbe formic acid.
Ntlawa wa ndzavisiso lowu rhangelaka hi KK Neuerlin wa National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) na vatirhisani eka Argonne National Laboratory na Oak Ridge National Laboratory wu kumile ntlhantlho lowu tshembisaka eka xiphiqo lexi. Xipano lexi xi tumbuluxile ndlela yo hundzula ku humelerisa formic acid ku suka eka khaboni-dayokisayidi hi ku tirhisa gezi leri pfuxetiwaka leri tirhisaka eneji ya le henhla na ku tiya.
Nkambisiso lowu, lowu nga ni nhloko-mhaka leyi nge “Scalable membrane electrode assembly architecture for efficient electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to formic acid,” wu kandziyisiwe eka magazini lowu nge Nature Communications.
Formic acid i xitirhisiwa xale xikarhi xa ti khemikhali lexinga kona lexinga na switirhisiwa swohambana hambana, ngopfu ngopfu tani hi raw material eka ti indasitiri ta ti khemikhali kumbe biological. Formic acid yitlhele yi tiveka tani hi feedstock ya biorefining kuva yiva mafurha yo basa ya swihahampfhuka.
Electrolysis ya CO2 yi endla leswaku kuhunguteka CO2 kuya eka swilo swale xikarhi swa ti khemikhali swofana na formic acid kumbe ti molecules tofana na ethylene loko ku tirhisiwa potential ya gezi eka sele ya electrolytic.
Nhlengeletano ya membrane-electrode (MEA) eka electrolyzer hi ntolovelo yi na membrane leyi fambisaka ion (cation kumbe anion exchange membrane) leyi sandwiched exikarhi ka ti electrode timbirhi leti vumbiwaka hi electrocatalyst na ion-conducting polymer.
Hi ku tirhisa vutshila bya ntlawa eka thekinoloji ya tisele ta mafurha na hydrogen electrolysis, va dyondze swivumbeko swo hlayanyana swa MEA eka tisele ta electrolytic ku pimanisa ku hungutiwa ka electrochemical ka CO2 ku ya eka formic acid.
Hi ku ya hi nxopaxopo wa ku tsandzeka ka tipulani to hambana, ntlawa wu lave ku tirhisa swipimelo swa tisethi ta swilo leswi nga kona, ngopfungopfu ku pfumaleka ka ku ala ka ion eka ti membranes ta sweswi to cincana ta anion, na ku olovisa dizayini ya sisiteme hinkwayo.
Ku tumbuluxiwa hi KS Neierlin na Leiming Hu ya NREL akuri MEA electrolyzer leyi antswisiweke hiku tirhisa perforated cation exchange membrane leyintshwa. Membrane leyi leyi pfulekeke yinyika vuhumelerisi lebyi nga cincekiki, lebyi hlawulaka swinene bya formic acid naswona yi olovisa dizayini hiku tirhisa swiphemu leswinga xavisiwiki.
“Vuyelo bya ndzavisiso lowu byi yimela ku cinca ka paradigm eka vuhumelerisi bya electrochemical bya ti organic acids to fana na formic acid,” ku vula mutsari-kulobye Neierlin. “Xivumbeko xa membrane leyi pfulekeke xi hunguta ku rharhangana ka tipulani ta khale naswona xi nga ha tlhela xi tirhisiwa ku antswisa ku tirhisa eneji hi ndlela leyinene ni ku tiya ka switirhisiwa swin’wana leswi hundzulaka khaboni-dayokisayidi ya tikhemikhali ta gezi.”
Kufana na ku humelela kwihi na kwihi ka sayense, i swa nkoka ku twisisa swivangelo swa ntsengo na ku koteka ka ikhonomi. Loko va tirha eka tindzawulo hinkwato, valavisisi va NREL Zhe Huang na Tao Ling va nyikerile nxopaxopo wa thekinoloji-ikhonomi lowu kumaka tindlela to fikelela ku ringana ka ntsengo na maendlelo ya namuntlha ya vuhumelerisi bya formic acid ya tiindasitiri loko ntsengo wa gezi leri pfuxetiwaka wu ri eka kumbe ehansi ka 2.3 wa tisente hi kilowatt-hour.
“Xipano xi fikelerile mimbuyelo leyi hi ku tirhisa swihlohloteri leswi xavisiwaka na switirhisiwa swa polymer membrane, loko xi ri karhi xi tumbuluxa dizayini ya MEA leyi tirhisaka ku ringaniseriwa ka tisele ta mafurha ta manguva lawa na tipulani ta hydrogen electrolysis,” ku vula Neierlin.
“Vuyelo bya ndzavisiso lowu byi nga pfuna ku hundzula khaboni-dayokisayidi yi va mafurha ni tikhemikhali hi ku tirhisa gezi leri pfuxetiwaka ni hayidirojeni, leswi hatlisisaka ku cinca ku ya eka ku ndlandlamuxiwa ni ku xavisiwa.”
Tithekinoloji to hundzula tikhemikhali ta gezi i xiphemu xa nkoka xa nongonoko wa Tielektroni ku ya eka Timolekhuli wa NREL, lowu kongomisaka eka hayidirojeni leyi pfuxetiwaka ya xitukulwana lexi landzelaka, mafurha ya zero, tikhemikhali na switirhisiwa swa maendlelo lama fambiwaka hi gezi.
“Nongonoko wa hina wu le ku lavisiseni ka tindlela to tirhisa gezi leri pfuxetiwaka ku hundzula timolekhuli to fana na khaboni-dayokisayidi na mati ku va swihlanganisi leswi nga tirhaka tanihi swihlovo swa eneji,” ku vula Randy Cortright, mukongomisi wa maqhinga ya ku hundziseriwa ka tielektroni na/kumbe swilo leswi rhangelaka swa NREL eka vuhumelerisi bya mafurha. kumbe tikhemikhali.”
“Ndzavisiso lowu wa ku hundzula tikhemikhali ta gezi wu nyika ku humelela loku nga tirhisiwaka eka maendlelo yo hambana ya ku hundzula tikhemikhali ta gezi, naswona hi langutele mbuyelo lowu tshembisaka swinene ku suka eka ntlawa lowu.”
Vuxokoxoko byin’wana: Leiming Hu et al., Scalable membrane electrode assembly architecture ya ku hundzuriwa lokunene ka electrochemical ka CO2 ku va formic acid, Nature Communications (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43409-6
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