Leyara yale handle leyi namarhelaka ya fungi na ti bacteria, leyi vuriwaka “extracellular matrix” kumbe ECM, yina kufana na jelly naswona yitirha tani hi leyara yo sirhelela na shell. Kambe hi ku ya hi nkambisiso wa sweswinyana eka magazini wa iScience, lowu endliweke hi Yunivhesiti ya Massachusetts Amherst hi ku tirhisana ni Worcester Polytechnic Institute, ECM ya switsongwatsongwana swin’wana yi vumba gel ntsena loko ku ri ni oxalic acid kumbe ti- acid tin’wana to olova. Hikuva ECM yi tlanga xiphemu xa nkoka eka hinkwaswo ku suka eka ku lwisana na swidlaya-switsongwatsongwana ku ya eka tiphayiphi leti pfalekeke na ku thyakisa switirhisiwa swa vutshunguri, ku twisisa ndlela leyi switsongwatsongwana swi lawulaka swiphemu swa swona swa gel leswi namarhelaka swi na switandzhaku swo anama eka vutomi bya hina bya siku na siku.

Barry Goodell, profesa wa ntivo-switsongwatsongwana eYunivhesiti ya Massachusetts Amherst tlhelo mutsari lonkulu wa phepha leri u te: “Minkarhi hinkwayo ndzi tsakela ti-ECM ta switsongwatsongwana.” “Hakanyingi vanhu va ehleketa hi ECM tanihi leyara ya le handle leyi sirhelelaka leyi nga tirhiki leyi sirhelelaka switsongwatsongwana.Kambe yi nga tlhela yi tirha tanihi ndlela yo nghenisa swakudya ni ti- enzyme leti nghenaka ni ku huma eka tisele ta switsongwatsongwana.”
Xifunengeto lexi xitirha mintirho yotala: ku namarhela ka xona swivula leswaku ti microorganisms ha yin’we yin’we tinga hlengeletana kuva ti endla ti colonies kumbe “biofilms”, naswona loko ti microorganisms leti ringaneleke ti endla leswi, swinga pfala tiphayiphi kumbe ku thyakisa switirhisiwa swa vutshunguri.
Kambe xikhegelo xifanele kutlhela xiva lexi nghenaka: ti microorganisms totala ti humesa ti enzymes tohambana hambana nati metabolites tin’wana ehandle hiku tirhisa ECM, kuya eka swilo leswi ti lavaka ku swidya kumbe ku swi tlulela (kufana na tihunyi leti boleke kumbe ti vertebrate tissue), kutani, loko ti enzymes ti hetile ntirho wa tona, ntirho wo gayela – vuyisa swakudya endzhaku hiku tirhisa ECM.
Leswi swi vula leswaku ECM a hi leyara yo sirhelela leyi nga tirhiki ntsena; Entiyisweni, hilaha Goodell na vatirhikulobye va kombiseke hakona, switsongwatsongwana swi vonaka swi ri na vuswikoti byo lawula ku tsindziyela ka ECM ya swona naswona hikwalaho ka sweswo ku nghenelela ka yona. Xana va swi endla njhani?
Eka fungi, ku humesiwa ka yona ku vonaka ku ri oxalic acid, ku nga acid leyi tolovelekeke ya organic leyi humelelaka hi ntumbuluko eka swimilana swo tala, naswona, hilaha Goodell ni vatirhi-kulobye va swi kumeke hakona, switsongwatsongwana swo tala swi vonaka swi tirhisa oxalic acid leyi swi yi humesaka leswaku swi boha eka swiphemu swa le handle swa tikhabohaydreti. ku vumba nchumu lowu namarhelaka. , ECM leyi fanaka na jelly.
Kambe loko ntlawa lowu wu languta ekusuhi, wu kume leswaku oxalic acid ayi pfunetanga ntsena ku humesa ECM, kambe yitlhela yiyi “lawula”: loko ti microbes ti engetela oxalic acid yotala eka nkatsakanyo wa carbohydrate-acid, ECM yiva na viscous swinene. Loko ECM yiva na viscous, yi sivela ti molecule letikulu kuva tinga ngheni kumbe ku huma eka microbe, kasi ti molecules letintsongo titshama ti ntshunxekile ku nghena eka microbe kusuka eka mbango na vice versa.
Ku tshuburiwa loku ku tlhontlha ku twisisa ka ndhavuko ka sayense ka ndlela leyi tinxaka to hambana ta swihlanganisi leswi humesiwaka hi fungi na tibakteriya hakunene ti humaka eka switsongwatsongwana leswi swi nghenaka ha yona eka mbango. Goodell ni vatirhi-kulobye va ringanyete leswaku eka swiyimo swin’wana switsongwatsongwana swi nga ha boheka ku titshega ngopfu hi ku humesiwa ka timolekhuli letitsongo swinene leswaku swi hlasela matrix kumbe tinyama leti xitsongwatsongwana lexi xi titshegeke ha tona leswaku xi hanya kumbe xi tluleriwa. Leswi swivula leswaku ku humesiwa ka ti molecules letintsongo swinga tlhela swiva na xiave lexikulu eka pathogenesis loko ti enzymes letikulu tinga hundzi eka microbial extracellular matrix.
Goodell u te: “Ku vonaka ku ri ni ndhawu ya le xikarhi laha switsongwatsongwana swi nga lawulaka mpimo wa asidi leswaku swi pfumelelana ni ndhawu yo karhi, swi hlayisa timolekhuli tin’wana letikulu, to tanihi ti- enzyme, kasi swi pfumelela timolekhuli letitsongo leswaku ti hundza hi ku olova eka ECM timolekhuli letikulu swinene. I vuswikoti lebyi byo endla hi ku landza swilaveko leswi nga vaka xilotlelo xo hlula xin’wana xa swihinga leswikulu eka vutshunguri bya swidlaya-switsongwatsongwana, tanihileswi ku lawula ECM ku endla leswaku yi nghena swinene swi nga antswisaka ku tirha kahle ka swidlaya-switsongwatsongwana na swidlaya-switsongwatsongwana.

“Loko hi kota ku lawula biosynthesis na ku humesiwa ka ti acid letintsongo tofana na oxalate eka ti microbes tokarhi, kutani hinga tlhela hi lawula leswi nghenaka eka ti microbes, leswinga hi pfumelela ku tshungula ku antswa mavabyi yotala ya ti microbial,” ku vula Goodell.
Hi December 2022, mutivi wa switsongwatsongwana Yasu Morita u amukele mali yo pfuneta ku suka eka National Institutes of Health ku seketela ndzavisiso lowu eku heteleleni wu kongomisiweke eka ku tumbuluxa vutshunguri lebyintshwa, lebyi tirhaka swinene bya vuvabyi bya rifuva.

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